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(詳細はMontaigne) and new metrical forms such as the sonnet (Petrarch) and Spenserian stanza made their appearance. The impact of the Renaissance varied across the continent; countries that were predominantly Catholic or Protestant experienced the Renaissance differently. Areas where the Orthodox Church was culturally dominant, as well as those areas of Europe under Islamic rule were more or less outside its influence. The period focused on self-actualization and one's ability to accept what is going on in one's life. The earliest Renaissance literature appeared in Italy in the 14th century; Dante, Petrarch, Boccaccio, Machiavelli and Ariosto are notable examples of Italian Renaissance writers. From Italy the influence of the Renaissance spread at different times to other countries and continued to spread around Europe through the 17th century. The English Renaissance and the Renaissance in Scotland date from the late 15th century to the early 17th century. In northern Europe the scholarly writings of Erasmus, the plays of Shakespeare, the poems of Edmund Spenser and the writings of Sir Philip Sidney may be considered Renaissance in character. The creation of the printing press (using movable type) by Johannes Gutenberg in the 1450s encouraged authors to write in their local vernacular rather than in Greek or Latin classical languages, widening the reading audience and promoting the spread of Renaissance ideas. ==See also== * Dutch Renaissance and Golden Age literature * British literature#The Renaissance * English Renaissance * Elizabethan literature * English Renaissance theatre * French Renaissance literature * Spanish Renaissance literature * Italian Renaissance literature * High Renaissance * German literature#German Renaissance and Reformation * Swedish literature#Renaissance literature * Portuguese Renaissance and Portuguese literature#First classical phase: The Renaissance 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Renaissance literature」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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